You would almost certainly need another Charge controller with the increase from 150W to 300W - and as you said, you are looking at the Victron Smart Solar
The Cable you have there is not bad - maybe 2.5mm2? You could join the two panels in Parallel I think still, but I'd probably got for Series (more voltage, less current into Controller). Either way, no need to run an extra cable or replace what is there.
Controller wise, the 100/20 Smart Solar would be perfect as it support upto 290W (and if you even happened to harvest 300W, the leeway on the controller would still take that no worries.